Assessing Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace

There are many different positions in an organization that require different knowledge, skills and abilities. Supervisory and management positions encompass more than just technical knowledge, skill and expertise in their given area, but being leaders over others. This is of interest to organizations in having leaders who are able to motivate, understand and get their teams to work together. Many organizations are looking to improve their performance and productivity through finding and placing the right people in leadership positions. How the concept of emotional intelligence and its evolution has come to the forefront in assisting companies about leadership performance and decisions will be discussed along with the debate among†¦show more content†¦Cognitive ability can be measured through intelligence quotient tests and the results of these tests change little over a course of a person’s lifetime (Colfax, Rivera, Perez, 2010). Emotional intelligence can be us ed for developmental and intervention in an organization (Daus Askanasy, 2003). There are others who do not agree with certain approaches to emotional intelligence. In the paper entitled â€Å"Will the Real Emotional Intelligence Please Stand Up? On Deconstructing the Emotional Intelligence Debate, the authors do not agree with the mixed model approach presented by Bar-on and Goleman for emotional intelligence as they believe the non-cognitive abilities are a way of restating and expanding upon personality traits, it does not meet psychometric standards and there are no clear measurement rubrics. The researchers also state that this approach relies on self assessments and perceptions of personality characteristics and competencies than on a person’s actual emotional ability (Daus Askanasy, 2003). Analysis of Three Emotional Intelligence Assessments The popularity of emotional intelligence in the workplace has many organizations using assessments to help them select for leadership positions. One assessment that can be chosen is the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test Version 2.0 (MSCEIT) which links a person’s emotions with their thinking. This measures a person’s knowledge about emotions.Show MoreRelatedAfter Taking The Values In Action (Via) Inventory Of Strengths,1285 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough I am not surprised that my top character strength is honesty, it was interesting to learn my other top strengths. Taking the Emotional Intelligence (EQ) and Leadership Self-Assessment introduced me to my social and self-intelligence. Using the KAB model, I was able to identify knowledge, attitude and behavior strengths for both self and social intelligence. The Values in Action Inventory of Strengths was designed to classify one’s character strengths and assess the strengths identifiedRead MoreHow Emotions And Moods Of A Six Month Deployment803 Words   |  4 Pagestheory (AET) and emotional intelligence (EI). Background Emotions are intense feelings and reactions to events or people, whereas moods are a longer lasting and less intense without a contextual stimulus (Robbins Judge, 2009, p. 251). People may be aware of their own emotions; however, moods can arise without triggering awareness (Kaplan, Cortina, Ruark, LaPort, Nicolades, 2014, p. 564). As a human resource leader at a previous organization, some of my duties involved assessing, addressingRead MoreEmotional Intelligence ( Eq )1651 Words   |  7 Pagessuccess is an innate goal of all individuals in their employment. Much success in the workplace can be contributed to one’s emotional intelligence (EQ) or their understanding of emotions in themselves and co-workers which can use to form positive collegial relationships (Cherniss Exetin, 2006). The book Emotional Intelligence 2.0 by Bradberry and Greaves (2009), effectively explains what Emotional Intelligence and provides useful strategies to improve one’s EQ. However, while the book has a foundationRead MoreA Plan for Positive Influence on Team Behavior1147 Words   |  5 Pagesobjective. When values are not congruent within a team, the team wil l benefit from assessing individual attitudes and values, and develop a plan to help facilitate constructive influence. Upon developing a plan to improve employee performance, it is important to assess the work environment’s ability to provide sufficient tools, materials, supplies, and equipment (Robbins Judge, 2007). As previously mentioned, assessing an individual’s attitude and values will help foster positive behavior. Six assessmentRead MoreThe United Kingdom Should Remain A Member Of The European Union1586 Words   |  7 Pagesremain a member of the European Union or if they should leave. And to also discuss the decision making process used in analysing the assignment. Decision making is the process of making choices by setting goals, gathering information, and assessing alternative occupations. Diagram of decision making you realize that a decision must be made. You then go through an internal process of trying to define clearly the nature of the decision you must make. The real trick in this step is to know whatRead MoreThe Understanding Of An Individual Culture Background1334 Words   |  6 Pages We know that culture intelligence is related to cross-culture competence. The understanding of an individual culture background. My key objective is that people fail to adjust to understand new cultures, behavioral, cognitive, and motivational aspect of other cultures. Before anyone goes to a foreign country for a new job, living or visiting, we should educate ourselves before taking that journey. We know going to another country can be scary, but we can learn new things from them and they can learnRead MoreEssay about Psychology Week 3742 Words   |  3 Pagesutilized in the work place? Give specific examples for each one. a) Operant conditioning is the learning through voluntary responses and its consequences. A specific behavior is performed and from that behavior there is a consequence. For me, in the workplace, I know that if I complete my jobs assigned to me then I am complimented on my achievements. Also, more specifically, if I have someone call and request a specific issue be resolved and I assist them in a timely fashion, then they are content andRead MoreEssay on Emotional Intelligence in Leadership1548 Words   |  7 Pages The premise of emotional intelligence in leadership is that emotional intelligence should be the premise of leadership. Before tasks, followers, goals and styles can be defined or critiqued, the leader’s emotional intelligence must first be assessed (Goleman, Boyatzis McKee, 2002, pg 5). Emotional intelligence then becomes the predictor of how effectively the leader will be able to lead in any given situation, set of tasks or followers. In this paper, the author will compare this premiseRead MoreEmotional Intelligence Reflection Paper1558 Words   |  7 PagesReflect on Your Emotional Intelligence This paper is aimed at evaluating my own emotional intelligence while subsequent parts of the paper will discuss how this emotional intelligence affects other aspects of human life like business, religion and politics. In this part of the paper, I will reflect on and demonstrate the skills and the knowledge needed to enable one to accurately see and understand the emotional strengths, weaknesses and nuances of other workers at the workplace. The parameters forRead MoreLeaders And Managers Role Of An Organization1136 Words   |  5 Pagesstrengths. Whetten Cameron (2007) stated that managerial self awareness is the ability of an individual in terms of assessing their own skills and behaviour at a workplace. Thus, successful leaders should have proper understanding of their own skills, emotions, behaviours and that they should know about some other aspects of self awareness. These include personal values, emotional intelligence, attitude towards change and learning styles. Goleman et al (2001) states that self awareness is a familiar

Essay on Corruption of Christianity in Shakespeares, Hamlet

In the play Hamlet, the motif of suicide is used throughout the play to shine a light on the corruption of Christianity and the implications of suicide and the after-life and the effect it has on one’s relationship with God. It accomplishes this through the use of allusions and metaphors and the development of multiple characters relationships with God throughout the play as they go through the challenges and experiences that are present within Hamlet. In Hamlet, the act of suicide is a motif, however it is also an act that Hamlet himself cannot commit in order for this story to fit the role of a revenge tragedy. If Hamlet were to commit suicide, the ghost of Hamlet’s father would not have his work fulfilled by Hamlet. The late Hamlet’s†¦show more content†¦Almost all the characters in Hamlet display signs of a connection to Christianity, whether it be small or large. And most or all of these characters experience challenges throughout the play, and we c ould classify this as a religious tragedy, highlighting the flaws of Christianity. One can look at Hamlet’s delay of his plan of revenge to kill Claudius as an act of cowardice, however if you delve deeper into it, we can see that Hamlet went against his father’s ghost’s commands, thus going against God, and tainting his mind. While the audience may consider Hamlet to be an indecisive coward, we must remember that he mindlessly killed Polonius and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern which hesitation. We can connect all of this back to the fact that suicide and the act of killing one self or another is what shines the light on religion and its corruption. Shakespeare complicates the fragile relationship between suicide and religion. The self-death of Ophelia challenged fundamental religious beliefs that suicide is a sin to the point that the audience is feeling empathy for Ophelia in that suicide was the only real escape from all of the chaos in the play. Ophelia’s character is often associated with innocence and purity. The perception of Ophelia’s weakness has dominated the audience’s idea of her, thus makingShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s The Morality Of Hamlet- Sweet Prince Or Arrant Knave Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesA literary critic of Hamlet, Patrick Cruttwell, explores in his writing titled The morality of Hamlet- ‘Sweet Prince or ‘Arrant Knave’? the purpose of religion during Elizabethan times to set moral value sets th at often conflicted with man’s nature. Additionally, Cruttwell states the actions in the play aggressively clash with the religious values of the time period. Shakespeare illustrates throughout the play that not abiding by the only moral structure of the time period, religion, man is doomedRead MoreChristianity in Shakespears Hamlet1148 Words   |  5 Pageslarge role in how one lives their life. Christianity plays a strong role throughout Hamlet by William Shakespeare. When reading the play one must think of the controversies of the time when Shakespeare writes the play. Reformation and Renaissance opinions are reflected throughout. Shakespeare deals with very controversial attitudes and religious questions dealing with death, the existence of purgatory, morality, murder, suicide and marriage in his play Hamlet. It is obvious throughout the play thatRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet by William Shakespeare explores many aspects o f mankind--death, betrayal, love, and mourning. Out of these, the most prominent theme in this play is death in the form of suicide. The main character, Hamlet, finds himself questioning the quality of life and the uncertainty of the afterlife once he discovers news of his father s death and the corruption in the kingdom that follows. Ophelia, Hamlet’s lover, is found dead later in the plot and is presumed to have committed suicide. In Hamlet’sRead MoreThe Great Flood Of Gilgamesh, The Canterbury Tales, And Hamlet1311 Words   |  6 Pageswhen a theme is universal, it touches on human experience. Sometimes there are multiple themes to a story and they may or may not be stated directly. Religion is a theme found throughout the stories of Gilgamesh, Beowulf, The Canterbury Tales, and Hamlet. The theme of religion is prevalent throughout The Epic of Gilgamesh. Readers can see that the stories found in Gilgamesh often run parallel to those found in the Bible. The great flood, a magic plant, and deceitful snakes are found in both GilgameshRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1470 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet was composed by William Shakespeare, first performed in July 1602 and first published in printed form in 1603. An inherent tension between confrontation and resolution is revealed through Hamlet’s characterisation within Shakespeare’s play. It is evident that there is a significant level of internal confliction that contributes to the amount of tension. Conflicted emotions, in relation to Hamlet’s morals and beliefs, cause a distinct increase in tension, yet recognition of ones human natureRead MoreShakespeare s Hamlet - Images Of Death, Decay, And Corruption2094 Words   |  9 Pages Throughout ‘Hamlet’ we have the images of death, decay, rottenness, and corruption embedded in the story. The imagery that Shakespeare uses in hamlet relates directly with the plots of the play perfectly. The corruptions images are illuminated in the beginning with Claudius own actions. The characters use metaphors of disease in the connection to sickness and rottenness. Within â€Å"Hamlet†, Shakespeare makes a number of references to Denmark s tainted state due to the deceitfulness that lies withinRead MoreHamlet and the Issue of Revenge in William Shakespeares Play1520 Words   |  7 PagesHamlet and the Issue of Revenge in William Shakespeares Play The question of why Hamlet does not immediately avenge his fathers death is perhaps one of the most perplexing problems faced by an audience. Each generation of viewers has come up with its own explanation, and it has now become the most widely known critical problem in Shakespearean studies. A rather simplistic, yet valid standpoint to take on this problem is that it was essential to the tragedys narrativeRead MoreComparing the Characters of Faustus and Hamlet1767 Words   |  8 PagesBoth Hamlet and Faustus contain a clash of themes and traditions, all catalysed by Religion. This is used to establish a theme of deception, which greatly impacts the protagonist’s procrastination. Procrastination is considered to be Hamlet’s tragic flaw, however Faustus’s flaw is considered to be his hubris. Hamlet is in fact a play adapted by Shakespeare, not by name. But there are several scriptures that can be identified to being similar to the plot. One is called Saga of Hrolf Kraki. BelievedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare, Regarded As The Foremost Dramatist1144 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare, regarded as the foremost dramatist of his time, wrote Macbeth. It is an amalgamation of witchcraft, allusion, and prophecies that depicts a seemingly unescapable fate of human beings in the world. It paints a black and horrid picture but it also implies the ideals of Renaissance humanism. Although imperfect, the embodiment of the characters has tremendous self awareness, freedom and, self-expression. Much like pervasive themes endemic to the Renaissance, the theme of the playRead MoreHuman Nature In Shakespeares Hamlet1882 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"To, be or not to be,† is one of William Shakespeare’s most notable inquiries regarding the self in the tragedy Hamlet (3.1.5 6). Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s most complicated characters, in that the audience is able to view Hamlet’s internal struggle. By orchestrating chaos, Shakespeare creates an environment in which the male characters; Hamlet and Claudius, are free to contemplate and express their respective nature. However, when it comes to Gertrude; Hamlet’s mother and initial instigator of

As Planes Get Bigger, the Marketplace Gets More Competitive Free Essays

Q1: Have you, or anyone you know, experienced a situation similar to those described, where the marketing organization exceeded your service expectations? If so, what do you think of the company now? Yes, I have a experienced a situation that a marketing organization exceeded my service expectation. There was a catering firm in my hometown. Both the service and the taste of food were the best because of some good waiters and the top chefs, Whereas the price was relatively lower than other catering firms. We will write a custom essay sample on As Planes Get Bigger, the Marketplace Gets More Competitive or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result, it exceeded my expectation. I think that the catering firm has attracted more new customers because of its opprobrium now. Regular customer can come again because of good service and fine food. Q2. Do you think that any and every employee can be trained to want to give good service? If so, what form might that training take? If not, what should a company do if it encounters major resistance? Not every employee can be trained to want to give good service. To overcome major resistance, the marketing organization may change its strategy to raise the job satisfaction of the employee and increase the productivity. Organization should employ some people who like this job. In addition, employees who are not eligibility should be trained again. Q3. Do you believe that customers are becoming more demanding? If they are too demanding, what might be the outcome for marketing organization? Yes, I believe that customers are become more demanding because some consumers who are high-income earners and better educated are indulged in good service. Marketing organizations need to offer the better service for their consumers Therefore, employees should receive the best training to improve their service quality. Q4. Might marketing organizations be taking risks by raising customer expectations too high? Yes, marketing organizations may take risks when raising customer expectations. High expectations mean that marketing organizations would rise to the challenge to achieve the customer satisfaction. When marketing organizations cannot satisfy customers expect, the relationship between company and customer would break. As a result, marketing organizations may take risks. How to cite As Planes Get Bigger, the Marketplace Gets More Competitive, Essay examples

Origin of surnames Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Origin of surnames Persuasive Essay In today’s society we all want to know who we are and where are names originated from. Our names are what give us our style and individuality. Our ancestors came from all over theworld all having names that are a true mystery to us. Surnames or better known as last namesare a very interesting topic, they are like our first names but give us identity through our family. Looking back into history our names have changed drastically keeping some from knowing whattheir surnames really originated. We can all find where our names originated from or what theyrepresent, by doing some research. There are many ways to do this whether you call a relative,research in a library or, play on the Internet. If you are curious about what your surname meansor where it originated then I suggest you look into it. Curious about where my surname originated, I began to research it. I started out on theInternet and then I headed to the library. I found many things that did not pertain to my currentsearch, but I kept on plugging away to find what I wanted. I found that my surname was from anold Cheshire family traced from a Norman Origin before the year of 1100. The surname hadmany nobles, castles, estates and manors. The Richardson surname spread throughout Europe inthe eleventh and twelfth century. The first settlers to the states by this name settled in NewEngland in 1637 and then the name branched off towards Virginia in 1640. Never thinkingabout what my surname was until now, I wondered how surnames originated. The use of surnames originated in Europe in the eleventh and fifteenth century. Also inScandinavia around the same time surnames were introduced. The reason there was notsurnames before this time was the fact that most people were illiterate living in small villages ina country atmosphere. Living out in the country these people had no reason to learn to read orright, because there lives where lived off the land. They did not need surnames to signify whothey we’re or what they did. They just went by their first names in these villages because peopleof the same name did not occur. But when the population of the villages grew it becameimportant to have surnames to identify between two people with the same name. In the times ofthe Bible people used names that went by geography, for example â€Å" Corey of Carlisle.† The useof surnames showed social class, culture, tradition and, the jobs they worked. The forming of surnames first came from other names by which someone was called. The name â€Å"Johnson† originated from â€Å"the son of John,† and the same goes with my last nameâ€Å"Richardson.† In some countries they would use their mothers first name for a surname, such asâ€Å"Paige†, this being the a mothers name became her son or daughters surname. Jimmy Paige,from the band Led Zeppelin, could say this of his name. Other origins of surnames came fromplaces and geographical names. The surname â€Å"England† or â€Å"Penn† have this quality, obviouslyEngland is a country and Penn is shortened from Pennsylvania. Surnames like â€Å"Smith† ( as inblacksmith ) and â€Å"Carpenter† ( one who works with wood ) come from the jobs that these peopleheld. Surname are also known to originate from description of a particular family. The surnameâ€Å"Stern† would mean that they family was strong, this being something for them to owner. Alotof surnames came from nature or their social status. Surnames like Byrd, Foxx, Winters, Springare names commonly objects found in nature. And surnames like Bachelor, Knight or, Squireare based on their social standings. Many of theses surnames have changed over the centuries doOur current society is often unaware of their true original surnames. When coming toAmerica the individuals had no choice but to keep the surnames that the clerks at Ellis Islandhad given them because of error. Almost all names changed for these people entering America. â€Å"Bauch became Baugh†, â€Å"Siminowicz became Simmons.† Then there was the people whowanted to be Americanized and they changed their own names. In this case their namesgenerally became shorter or totally different names. In this case â€Å"Mlynar became Miller†, andâ€Å"Shwarz became Black†etc. Names are something that is important to people for many reason. .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f , .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f .postImageUrl , .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f , .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f:hover , .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f:visited , .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f:active { border:0!important; } .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f:active , .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua261195c1a923349beffbdce9af6aa4f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sister Carrie Coming Of Age EssayIt is important to us to know what our surnames are so we can identify our past. Our pastis something, just like surnames, that say what we represent and what significance we have. Many of you will find that particular surnames have cultural importance. Presidents or peoplewith high class social standing and their surnames are remembered because these peoplechanged our society. Famous surnames will always be remembered, but so will those surnamesthat have no significant because each one of our past has something that has changed our culture. The spellings of your surname, and the pronunciation of it has changed over centuries. In manycases the change occurred so long ago that people in today’s society are not aware of what itused to be. The topic of surnames and there origins are very interesting. We can find manythings out from studying our names, who we really are or where our names came from. If this allinterests you the resources are out there to be found, I am sure you will enjoy it!Bibliography:

Ebay Problem for Marketing Strategy

Resist the Atomic Menace essays

Resist the Atomic Menace essays There are currently 110 working nuclear power plants in the United States today. The government claims that out of twenty-two years of operation, there has only been one mishap in the United States involving nuclear reactors, Three Mile Island located on an island 10 miles south of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Yet core meltdowns have been known to occur at several reactor sites, including the Experimental Breeder Reactor in Idaho Falls, Idaho; Westinghouse Testing Reactor, in Waltz Mill, Pennsylvania; Stationary Low Power Reactor, in Idaho Falls, Idaho; and Fermi 1, in Lagoona Beach, Michigan (Against Nuclear Power). Since the near catastrophe at Three Mile Island in 1979, an exploration of government records revealed that there have been more than 23,000 mishaps at nuclear plants in the United States (Against Nuclear Power), an ever-increasing number. Plain and simple, nuclear power plants are dangerous. And despite their obvious drawbacks, the government still continues to offer billions of dollars in subsidies, money that could be put towards researching renewable sources of energy. One of the biggest problems with nuclear power is the potential for an accident. Contained inside a nuclear reactor are several pounds of radioactive material (including but not limited to radium, thorium, uranium, or plutonium), thousands of gallons of contaminated water, and other radioactive refuge. There are a variety of accidents that can occur involving nuclear power and its key ingredients. Most notable is the potential for a core meltdown. As was the case with Three Mile Island, an automated valve in the Unit 2 reactor was shut-off due to a mechanical or electrical error, thus preventing the flow of water and removal of heat responsible for cooling the core (The Meltdown). When the system should have automatically shutdown, it did not. The ensuing loss of coolant t ...

Assignment3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment3 - Assignment Example This is a public case since it draws the interest of all society members. Evidently, police brutality is a matter of concern for all. A jury was therefore involved in determining the case. Apparently, the jury represents the stance of the common people and is usually called upon when matters of public concern are being determined. The burden of proof means the obligation to provide evidence that either incriminates or absolves an accused person. The legal standard that should be applied in this case is that of establishment of proof beyond any reasonable doubt. The plaintiffs asked for both compensatory and punitive damages. They wanted compensation to recover what they had lost due to the unlawful arrest and sought punitive damages to punish the crime perpetrators. Punitive damages are appropriate in this case since the police violated the rights of the Martinez family. The granting of punitive damages by the jury serves as deterrence for Denver State authorities and other who may be inclined to act in a similar manner against their people. The defendant most likely alluded to the seriousness of the war on drugs that they were involved in during the time of the raid. The article reports that the police raided the family home looking for drug dealers who had vacated the premises a month before. (6 points) What result or outcome do you think the case should have? How should the court rule? (Or, if the court has ruled, do you agree with the outcome? Why or why not?) Use course concepts to explain your answer. I agree with the outcome of the case. The jury’s decision to award compensation to the plaintiff is commendable under the tenets of justice. The unlawful arrest had violated the balance of justice hence there was need for reparation. If the Denver city pays the price of the actions of its officers, the leaders are likely to demand the proper performance of duties among its officers, leading to a better

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 30

No topic - Essay Example Considering this, a company may reward performance by appreciating the work of an employee or offering financial incentives to boost them. This involves teams with gifts, money, certificates or recognition of an individual effort. To ensure that employees are compensated fairly, companies should develop a compensation and rewards programs that set targets. These programs help in training employees in their required efforts and the benefits derived at the completion of the tasks (Sims 33). Companies design and administer the benefits of setting goals and drawing strategies that determine the anticipated rewards. It is critical for large businesses to have a human resource department in order to help in the recruiting and administration of the workers. It is apparent that large businesses hire workers from diverse backgrounds because of the skills. The HR department undertakes the responsibility of ensuring that the employees meet the expectations of the firm in terms of skills and experience possessed. The HR department is also critical for large businesses because it helps in facilitating employee relations and organizational culture (Sims 38). This concerns strengthening the relationships between workers in separate departments through evaluating job satisfaction and employee engagement. Another essential aspect of having an HR department is that it enhances discipline within larger organizations. The employees must fulfill the requirements of the organization of face sanctions that may entail reduction of allowances, demotion or suspension. It is also necessary to have an HR department i n large companies to provide training and development programs to the employees (Sims 39). This ensures that the workers update their skills to match the market requirements and offer high quality services in the industry. In order to improve the company, the HR department needs to create a favorable and fair environment for all the

Development & Implications of a Green Road Infrastructure Dissertation

Development & Implications of a Green Road Infrastructure - Dissertation Example Evidently, the technique presents requisite incentives that enhance trade and social integration that is essential for growth. It holds relevance especially in the current century where most nations are facing severe economic complications that hamper funding of road construction. It presents the application of re-usable and permeable materials that are less costly compared to ancient materials. The concept requires innovative and creative mindset to ensure its holistic integration with an aim of achieving its intended objectives. The green concept applies permeable materials, the road under layers and air purifiers that are critical. Technical elements that are vital in green highway development to ensure its conformance to set specifications are also analyzed. The elements entail development of porous pavements that facilitate the efficient flow of water to eliminate degradation of road networks. Application of environmentally friendly concrete, vegetation buffer and advancement of stream restoration systems also forms its credible elements. The elements are imperative in ensuring construction of sound infrastructural systems. Clearly, engineers should consider these elements including formulation of a superior plan of activities and project’s design to ensure sustainability. Consequently, various case studies of green road infrastructure in India, Canada, and Japan are contained in the study. The countries operate under superior road network system the embraces green technology. The technology has ensured improved performance economically and development of roads that are sustainable and easy to maintain. The paper adopted purposive research methodology where the use of electronic sources, case studies and questionnaires was adopted to facilitate in-depth study based on the topic to aid realization of its intended objective. The technique enabled application of relevant data gathering techniques that are relevant to achieving a purposive aspect of the study. Introduction Green energy is a concept that is gaining prominence in the world as it holds basic incentives to transform economic and environmental settings in diverse nations. Clearly, the idea facilitates the adoption of cost-effective energy systems and infrastructural development that are sustainable. Its sustainability nature has enabled most leaders to formulate potential strategies to adopt its use holistically. There are several challenges that are influencing the construction of infrastructural systems especially roads in various countries that require an amicable solution. This has led to powerful deliberations among stakeholders with an aim of ascertaining the root causes of infrastructure degradation and formulation of relevant solutions to avert possible dilapidation of the basic element. It is crucial for nations to construct infrastructural setups that are fiscally viable and friendly.

The Positive Behavioural Support Education Essay

The Positive Behavioural Support Education Essay The last twenty has seen the emergence from Applied Behavioural Analysis of Positive Behavioural Support.ABS was Established in the 1960s as a science which produces behavioural changes from its learning principles. They are then systematically applied in order to bring about behavioural changes which are socially important (Cooper. Heron Heward,1987).In the late 1980s and early 1990s PBS was being developed using methods and concepts in a generalised concept of strategy of support and intervention from ABA. This strategy was intended to reduce behavioural problems and enhance a persons quality of life ( E.Carr et al.,2002).PBS owes a lot of its methodological, conceptual and technological roots from ABA, and so is indebted to ABA for this and this is well understood (E.Carr et al ., 2002).A lot of behavioural analysiss who are conspicuous contributors in ABS initially trained in ABA and they still maintain very close links with ABA.PBS is still in terms of data required and the for mation of new theoretical frameworks as it tries to establish it self as a fully distinct science in its infancy. Although due to the unique and substance of PBSs critical features it warrants a separate identity (E.Carr et al.,2002;Dunlap,2004).The links are vital and numerous between ABA and PBS ( Risley,2003).At an individual level is the debt that PBS owes to ABA at its most oblivious especially in the direct intervention practices at procedural level. With the use of the principles of instrumental methods , the use of stimulus control and positive reinforcement. And even extends to intervention technology and the considerable assessments that were developed by the ABA, in the early years. This technology includes contingency management, antecedent manipulations, refined strategies of instruction, Functional assessment and functional analysis.PBS have also adapted times series designs and methods of direct observations which are used extensively in ABA. While PBS embraces perspe ctives and traditions beyond ABAs, its service delivery is indisputably similar (J.Carr Sidener,2002;Dunlap,2004;Wacker Berg,2002).In 1968 the Journal of Applied Behavioural Analysis was founded. With its founding editor Montrose Wolf 1968-1970, and Todd Risley as editor 1972-1974,these two editors were responsible for the innovative and dynamic characteristics that were in that journal. And were in turn with their colleges were largely responsible for the shaping ABA as a discipline. Through their own research publications and the early years at the Journal of Behavioural Analysis, Risley and Wolf led the way in the development of the model of action oriented field research (Fixsen Dunlap,2004).This model is based on experimental methods and rigorous measurements, a great deal of this models uniqueness is associated with these seven appealing characteristics. 1.To solve serious human problems with a complete focus on practical solutions. 2.Messages from research should be direct and simple, Quest for Parsimony. 3.Solutions identified in research should benefit individuals in life altering ways, or large portions of society in a quest for meaningful impact. 4.Obliging research design to conform to situations and to putting solutions before the strictures of the science. 5.Recognise that in anolog contexts solutions are not real solutions in real human problems, ecological validity. 6.Having a commitment to collaborate with the community, colleges research participants and students in understanding that solutions and ideas are communal and a social phenomena. 7.Ideas are more important than any ideology. With this model of applied research the message is clearly that its important to be completely open to hopefully useful perspectives, and to be restrained by disciplinary and conceptual insularity is counterproductive. Wolf and Risley with the use of these seven characteristics in applied science, enabled them to answer critical problems.Strenghthen the vigour and potency of interventions, by the development of the achievement place group home model. And with the idea of social validation. Wolf with his colleges changed the previous restrictions of hard direct observation data (Wolf,1978).The achievement place group members with the use of systematic consumer imput to supplement the usual evidence .Where then able to refine the residential service model, and also able to replicate their findings successfully many times due to its robustness (Fixsen,Blasà ©,Timbers Wolf,2001).Without the use of social validation data this scaling up would not have been possible. Risley although a founding member of ABA showed the same ability to move beyond his disciplines limitations in his quest for answers to critical questions. Risley with Betty Hart (Hart Risley,1995) used unconventional descriptive statisti cs and data collection techniques to produce very important findings, associated with the development of young childrens language. Risley also conceived of behavioural support happenings at a larger life arrangements level. With interventions being formulated on whom and where a person on a daily bases interact with. And what they do in terms of play, work and social commerce (Risley,1996).The scientific precepts of ABA did not foresee the conceptualisation, but it shows the spirit and dynamic model of action oriented problem solving of Wolf, Risley and others created in the 1960s and 1970s.The cornerstone of PBS is the life arrangements approach by Risley. The experimental analysis of behaviour and the scientific techniques of behaviour by the early founders of ABA provided a valuable service (Sidman,1960;Skinner,1953) in the field of real human problems. Some of the founders of ABA created a dynamic and creative model of problem solving field based research, by going beyond the th is act of tranlation.whilst at the same time maintaining the many benefits and scientific orientation that were produced by early ABA. By creating additional strategies or adopting some, to defeat barriers in their way that were diminishing their effectiveness or understanding. Risley and Wolf are oblivious examples although there are and were others. The techniques and methods of ABA are essiential.But the pioneers that used the dynamic problem solving approach in ABA has also been adopted by people in PBS and should be maintained by them in order to help find new solutions that affect human well being. There is mounting concern over the challenging behaviours displayed by the numbers of young children in early childhood settings (Squires Bricker,2007).Behaviours such as tantrums,biting,yelling,hitting,withdrawal or noncompliance. Which are major barriers to effective social networks and their development of social compliance (Campbell,Specker,Burchinal,Poe The NICH, Early Child Care Research Network; Dunlap et al.,2006;Wood,Cowan Baker,2006).A childs typical development consists of these challenging behaviours in the early years, for instance a two year old child will yell when refused a biscuit or sweet. A three year old child will take a toy and then hit the other child. But these behaviours should then diminish as the child develops emotional and social regulation, language and their skills at cognitive problems increase (Campbell,1995;Tremblay et al.,2004).Approximately 10% of children continue in their preschool years to exhibit these challenging behaviours (Kuperschmidt,Br yant Willoughby,2000).This figure rises if the children are from low income families (Qi Kaiser,2003).For children who exhibit severe and/or sustained challenging behaviours the outcome is bleak. Challenging behaviours long term negative outcomes may not be limited to and can include social rejection, drug abuse, academic failure and the commission of crime in adulthood (Patterson, Reid Dishow,1992). The development pathway that leads to anti social behaviours and social conduct disorders has been shown by research to be established in the preschool years (Webster-straton,2000).Young children who are at risk of displaying patterns of challenging behaviour in preschool have a need for early intervention. In America there is such a federally funded programme called P.L. 99-457 which came about in 1986.This is an early childhood special education service or intervention. In where a child is at risk or has disabilities. But this service are not always provided for all of the chidren, who display emotional and/or social behavioural problems. Due to idiosyncrasies with the lack of assessment methods and/or systematic screening (Conway Brown,2004;Powell,Fixsen,Dunlap,Smith Fox,2007).These services when they are provided have been reactive rather proactive (Conway brown,2004).Interventions have been based on a response to a single childs disruptive behaviour. Without taking steps to reduce the likelihood of other children in the classroom developing challenging behaviour patterns. Whilst this is important for remedying severe problem behaviour in one child, it does little to reduce similar patterns of behaviour in other children. as it doesnt address their needs.Families,researchers and preschool teachers are looking for the implementation of a research based comprehensive intervention programmes. To prevent the emergence of problem behaviours by young children (Gillam Shaber,2006;Joseph Strain,2003). Preschool teachers however continue to voice the opinion tha t a childs challenging behaviour is their biggest concern (Alkon,Rambler MacLennan,2003;Joseph Strain,2003) In a recent report (Gilliam Shaber,2003) demonstrated that teachers do not have the support for early interventions that they need. The figure that rates for expulsion in preschool children are 3.2 times higher than for school age children shows this (Gilliam Shaber,2006).Child expulsion rates dropped though when preschool teachers had access to mental health consultants who are based in the classroom. These rates dropped specifically if this support was available on an ongoing bases. Other research has also supported these results, that it is important to have access to mental health specialists and the support they offer to preschool teachers. As the teachers try to manage social emotional development and challenging behaviours of young children 9Alkon et al.,2003;Duda,Dunlap,Fox,lentini Clarke,2004). A Consultant will work with a teacher in consultation for preschool children, in order to strengthen teaching strategies. With the use of environmental arrangements that are associated with childrens emotional functioning and social skills (Dougherty,2000).In a comprehensive multi systems level approach, the consultant may also work with other service related personnel and administrators. In a system level approach such as in procedures and policies for example, teachers schedules, data management and referral practices. This can help support the assessment, identification and the prevention of and intervention for challenging behaviours.Teachers,young children and early childhood service delivery arrangements can benefit from a fully comprehensive system wide model. That involves consultation in order to prevent challenging behaviour by young children, through preventative support. Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) is one such multi comprehensive approach which is team based. That sh ows promise and has been well tested especially in preschool settings (Conroy Brown,2004;Fox,Dunlap Powell,2002).PBS is a multi system wide model used in the reduction of challenging behaviours. The PBS model consists of three levels of prevention and intervention, within a programme setting or a school setting, depending of the needs of the children (Carr et al.,2002).At the first level of prevention all the children are provided with a predictive and safe environment. The focus being on trying to build relationships which are positive (Fox,Dunlap,Hemmeter,Joseph strain,2003).The physical design of the classroom also gets attention, the schedule which is followed regulary.Then there is also verbal interactions with the families, children and other teachers (Fox,et al.,2003).Along with this the children are shown clearly defined expectations. Such as the use of listening ears, safe hands and the use of quiet voices inside. These techniques are taught specifically in a large group instruction class, such as circle time (Stormont et al.,2005).These are often displayed on posters placed in the classroom walls for the children and others to look at and refer too. Then these may become classroom rules, normally there would be three to five classroom rules with accompanying posters or pictures. Which is the recommended amount, then normally every day the children are especially taught these expectations with nonexamples and examples of rule following behaviours (Stormont et al .,2005).At the second level of support which involves targeted interventions of a small group of children, who have displayed some deficits in challenging behaviours and/or social skills (Howken Horner,2003).In a classroom of young children, the programme consists of small group activities such as buddy or peer group programmes. Or strategies that are implemented by the teacher, that are used throughout the day. For instance by offering support by the teacher to the child when they are usi ng self regulation strategies (Fox et al.,2003). And in the low risk group, for children who display low intensity behaviours. Second level strategies operate in the most efficient way with small groups of children. It is at the tertiary or top level of intervention, where children are not responding to preventive attempts. Or who display severe and/or chronic challenging behaviours is individualised interventions offered. These individualised interventions should be culturally and socially appropriate, practical and come form Functional Behaviour Assessments FBA (Lewis Sugai,1999,Sugai et al.,2000).Another key feature of PBS can include the use and formation of leadership teams. Who should use in order to monitor progress data based procedures (Albin,Lucyshyn,Horner Flannery,1996).This team should consist of assistant and lead classroom teachers,families,mental health specialists, related service personnel and administrators. All of whom should work frequently with preschool teac hers to support childrens emotional and social development. The procedures used to collect data must look at the organizational structure, that is the routines and schedules that they use (Fox Little,2001;Stormont et al.,2005).PBS is a model that has a continuum of supports such as the first, second and then tertiary or top levels of prevention and intervention. Research seems to show that it needs at least 80% implementation to be effective (Scott Martinek,2006).What this means in effect is piecemeal or partial implementation may put the whole programme at risk. And its effectiveness to make targeted change and then to maintain this change over time. In conclusion looking at the research PBS can offer real help and support for the children displaying this challenging behaviour. Their teachers and importantly the families as they try to cope with this, in what can be a very disruptive and hard to deal with problem behaviour. But like every thing in this current climate, its trying to find the necessary resources for programme. which is going to be a major set back for any school that wants to implement this programme. Especially as the programme needs at least an 80% implementation rate to be fully effective.

Shakespeares Psalm 46 :: psalm

Shakespeare's Psalm 46 William Shakespeare is still suspect. A rough overview of the debates surrounding the author, or partial author, or non-author, reveals that: (a) Francis Bacon wrote Shakespeare's plays, (b) Ben Jonson did, (c) the Earl of Oxford penned some of them and died shortly thereafter, and then the bard (or non-bard) stole the batch, (d) nobody knows for sure, and (e) it doesn't matter. Shakespeare's corporeal existence is not in debate. More interestingly, the possibility that he, or the person or persons posing as him, might have had a hand in polishing the King James version of the Bible is also not hotly debated -- that possibility stands as the core of this essay. Shakespeare and the King James version share a curious synchronicity, which the authors of The Story of English, point to: the bard started wrote his last play at the same time the King James Bible was released. Also important is Shakespeare's success and favor with the court in the first decade of the 17th century: "The young actor-playwright quickly caused a sensation with his plays," the authors say -- something of an understatement. A few odd facts need to be thrown in: the Authorized Version was published in 1611 and was heavily revised for nine months before publication, so that "it would not only read better but sound better." The revision took place mostly in 1610. The committee in charge of revising the initial translation was headed by John Bois and Dr. Anthony Downes, who had also coordinated the initial team of 47 translators, give or take a few. Shakespeare was not among the chosen 47, and he is not credited as one of the revisers. Nothing other than time and place links him to the Authorized Version revision -- nothing readily apparent to the eye. Shakespeare was recognized as a gifted artist in his own time. He was favored by the same court that commissioned the Authorized Version. And the peculiar power of this Bible's prosody certainly lends itself to speculation. And then there is Psalm 46. I first stumbled upon the strange nature of Psalm 46 in Anthony Burgess's autobiography, You've Had Your Time. The argument that Burgess makes, as an aside on composing a musical on the life of Shakespeare, is not meant to be conclusive but is offered as a curio.

British – American Essay

Assess British American Relations in the 1840's The 1840's was a period of American expansion and diplomacy. Throughout these years, tensions grew in British-American relations. By this time, The United States had extended its power and territories throughout the world, and the British Empire had problems in its government. Throughout the 1840's, the two countries disputed over many things. The main things the British and Americans disagreed over in the 1840's were borders and ownership of territory. However, the resolution of these disagreements was the greatest achievement of this period. The issues included the Creole affair in 1841, the Caroline Incident of 1837, and the Oregon territory dispute. These major disputes could have started a third war between the two nations. Because of the Manifest Destiny mentality of the Americans, they thought that all territory to the west belonged to, or would belong to the US. Supporters of the Manifest Destiny argued that more Western land wa s needed to provide space for the new Americans created by a high birth rate and increased immigration.They pointed out that land governed by Mexico and Britain was sparsely populated and mostly unproductive. The supporters argued that the land should be given to American settlers who can put it to better use. British and American relations improved however by the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842. By the 1840's, commerce between the US and Britain improved compared to prior decades. Some disagreements between merchants of the two nations still ensued. One major argument was the Creole Affair.In the early 1840's, the British were interested in fighting the slave trade. They were against the importation of African slaves into the Americas. In 1841, on the American ship Creole, over 130 enslaved Africans overpowered the crew, murdering one man, while sailing from Virginia to New Orleans. 2 Led by Madison Washington, the slaves sailed the vessel to Nassau, Bahamas, where the British dec lared them free. 3 Americans argued that the property of US slave owners should be protected in foreign ports.US-British relations grew tense from this incident, which was similar to how the war of 1812 was started. The Caroline was an American steamship that had been aiding rebels in Canada. Canadian militia, on orders of the British, seized the Caroline in American waters in 1837. They set the ship on fire, and sent it hurling over Niagara Falls. 4 These actions strained US relations with Great Britain, almost to the point of war, yet again. In 1840, a Canadian man was arrested for allegedly having a role in the attack. The British stated that his execution would mean war.The US decided to release the Canadian prisoner and tensions temporarily subsided. In the 1830's, the American and Canadian boundary was still not settled. It included both Maine and especially the Oregon territory, which is now present day Southern British Columbia and the American Pacific Northwest. Most of the American Canadian border issue was settled after the war of 1812. The British-American Convention of 1818 set most of the border as the 49th parallel. The problem came west of the continental divide in the Oregon territory.The British wanted the area that follows the Columbia river which ran south of the 49th parallel into fur trapping areas owned by the Hudson Bay Company. 5 In 1846, after putting off an agreement for over 20 years due to negotiators being unable to reach an agreement, the Treaty of Washington was signed between the US and Britain. It set the boundary between Canada and the United States at the 49th parallel, from the Rocky Mountains to the coast. 6 The line was later extended southward through the Gulf Islands and then followed the mid-point through the Strait of Juan de Fuca, to the Pacific Ocean.Navigation through the Gulf Islands and the Strait of Juan de Fuca was to be ensured for both nations. 7 A major turning point in U. S. relations with Great Britain cam e with the signing on August 9, 1842, of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty. This treaty settled several matters between the two nations. The new British Foreign Minister, Lord Aberdeen, sent Lord Ashburton to Washington to meet with Secretary of State Daniel Webster to negotiate some boundary issues. The two were friends so negotiations went smoothly.Together, they developed a treaty that adjusted the Maine-New Brunswick boundary, which had been the cause of the Aroostook War (1838-1839). 8 The U. S. received most of the territory as well as navigational rights on the St. John River. The treaty also settled the question of the US – Canada boundary between Lake Superior and Lake of the Woods. 9 Some movement was made toward addressing extradition concerns between the two nations. This issue became sensitive following the Caroline affair, so a formal extradition treaty was signed later.Also part of the treaty, the US agreed to station ships off the African coast in an effort to dete ct Americans engaging in the slave trade. In conclusion, the British-American relations during the 1840's teetered on the brink of a third war between the two nations. The Manifest Destiny mentality that the Americans had instilled in them played a major role in their conflicts with Britain. They were determined to expand all the way to the Pacific Ocean, and didn't allow any move by the British or any other power to shorten their border, especially in the north with the Oregon treaty.

Angora Goat Facts

Angora Goat Facts The angora goat (Capra hircus aegagrus) is a domestic goat which has been deliberately bred to produce a soft, luxurious coat suitable for human textile manufacture.  Angoras were first developed in Asia Minor, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, perhaps as much as 2,500 years ago- references to the use of goat hair as a textile appear in the Hebrew Bible.   Fast Facts: Angora Goats Scientific Name: Capra hircus aegagrus (the name for all domesticated goats)Common Names: Angora goat, mohair goatBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: Height at withers: 36–48 inches  Ã‚  Weight: 70–225 poundsLifespan: 10 yearsDiet:  HerbivoreHabitat: Semi-arid pastures in Asia Minor, US (Texas), South AfricaPopulation: ca 350,000Conservation Status: Not Evaluated   Description The scientific name for Angora goats is Capra hircus aegagrus, but that name is also used to refer to most other domestic goats. All belong to the order Artiodactyle, family Bovidae, subfamily Caprinae, and genus Capra.   Angora goats are small in relation to dairy goats or sheep. Adult females stand 36 inches tall and weigh between 70–110 pounds; males stand 48 inches tall and weigh 180–225 pounds. Their main defining characteristic is long (8–10 inches at shearing) ringlets of hair which are fine, silky, lustrous, and dazzlingly white in color and contain little oil in the fleece.  That hair, known as mohair, is a coveted and expensive resource when converted to textiles and sold in sweaters and other clothing. Raw mohair is graded on the basis of fiber thickness, and the best prices to be obtained are hairs that are between 24 and 25 microns thick. Both males and females are horned unless the farmer removes them. Bucks have horns which can reach two or more feet long and have a pronounced spiral, while female horns are comparatively short, 9–10 inches long and straight or slightly spiraled.   Male angora goat in profile. Dmaroscar / Getty Images Plus Habitat and Distribution Angora goats thrive in mostly semi-arid regions with dry, hot summers and cold winters. They originated in Asia Minor and were first successfully exported to other countries beginning in the mid-19th century. Populations were established in South Africa in 1838, and the US on or near the Edwards Plateau of Texas in 1849. Other substantive populations today are managed in Argentina, Lesotho, Russia, and Australia. These goats are almost all in managed (rather than wild) populations, and they are often artificially inseminated, dehorned, and otherwise controlled. Adult angoras are sheared on a biannual basis, producing weights of up to about 10 pounds per year of long, silky fibers between 8–10 inches long. The goats are quite susceptible to cold and wet weather after they have been sheared, for periods up to 4–6 weeks. Close up of mohair on an angora goat. CookedPhotos / Getty Images Plus Diet and Behavior   Goats are browsers and grazers, and they prefer brush, tree leaves, and rough plants, reaching the lower parts of trees by standing on their hind legs. They are often pastured with sheep and cattle since each species prefers different plants. Angoras can improve pastures and reforestation areas by controlling leafy spurge and destroying a range of nuisance plants such as multiflora roses, sand burs, and Canadian thistle. Goats like to go under or through obstacles, so agricultural specialists suggest that five-wire electric fences, woven-wire, or small-mesh fencing is required to keep them penned in. While most goats are not aggressive towards humans, they can do serious or lethal damage to other goats with their horns, especially during the rutting season. Reproduction and Offspring Angora goats have two sexes, and the male is considerably larger than the female. Billies begin rutting in the fall, a behavior that initiates estrus in the females. Little is known about natural herds and group behaviors since studies have been primarily confined to managed populations. Breeding lasts between late September into December (in the northern hemisphere); gestation typically lasts between 148–150 days. Kids are born between late February through April or early May.   Angoras typically have one, two, or on rare occasions three kids, once a year, depending on herd size and management strategy. Kids are extremely delicate at birth and need protection for the first few days if the weather is cold or damp. Kids feed on mothers milk until they are weaned at about 16 weeks. Kids become sexually mature at 6–8 months, but only about half have kids of their own in the first year. Angora goats have a lifespan of about 10 years. An Angora goat (Capra hircus aegagrus) nursing a kid. Pelooyen / Getty Images Plus Conservation Status   Angora goats have not been evaluated as to conservation status, and there are at least 350,000 in different managed populations. Few are wild; the majority live in commercial herds which are grown to produce mohair. Sources Breeds of Livestock- Angora Goats. Oklahoma State University, 1999Jensen, Harriet L., George B. Holcomb, and Howard W. Kerr, Jr. Angora Goats: A Small-Scale Agriculture Alternative. Small Farm Program, University of California Davis, 1993.Jordan, R. M. Angora Goats in the Midwest. North Central Regional Extension Publication 375, 1990.  McGregor, B. A. Investigating the Angora Goat Agro-Pastoral Production System in Southern Australia. Small Ruminant Research 163 (2018): 10–14.  McGregor, B. A., and A. M. Howse. The Effects of Mid Pregnancy and Postnatal Nutrition, Birth Parity and Sex on Angora Goat Live Weight Gain, Skin Follicle Development, Mohair Physical Properties and Fleece Value. Small Ruminant Research 169 (2018): 8–18.  Shelton, Maurice. Angora Goat and Mohair Production. San Angelo, TX: Anchor Publishing, 1993.  Visser, Carina, et al. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in South African, French and Argentinian Angora Goats from Genome-Wide Snp Data. PLOS ONE 11.5 (2016): e0154353.

Example Nursing School Admission Essay

Example Nursing School Admission Essay Free Online Research Papers My name is Kim Fines and I am a 2004 graduate from Arcadia High School in Arcadia, WI. During my high school years I was an extremely active individual. I was a member of the Future Business Leaders of America organization. I participated in regional and state levels of competition all four years of high school. I was an office assistant for two years and was also chairperson of various community service projects such as a clothing drive and raffle drawings to raise money for the World Trade Center victims. Not only was I active in FBLA, but I was also a member of the Committees of Student Council club, National Honors Society, and the Varsity sports club. I also participated in volleyball, softball, dance team, and track through out my high school career. I enjoyed being very active in extra curricular activities in high school. Besides being involved in school related activities, I also was employed at the Arcadia Park and Recreation department since my freshman year. My responsibilities included managing, maintaining, stocking, and ordering products for the concession stand. I also coached T-ball to 4 through 6 year old children. I am still currently employed there since it is a summer only job. I also am employed at Tri-County Memorial Hospital in Whitehall, WI. I am a Certified Nursing Assistant in the Nursing Home at this facility. I have been employed there for almost two years and thoroughly enjoy it. This job has assisted me in deciding to pursue a degree in Nursing. My future goals are to graduate from the Queens University School of Nursing as a Registered Nurse. I want to work in a neo-natal care facility or in pediatric care. I absolutely love children. Becoming a nurse will allow me to fulfill my desire to help people and will compliment my caring personality. Research Papers on Example Nursing School Admission EssayStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Fifth HorsemanHip-Hop is ArtDefinition of Export QuotasThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Twilight of the UAWResearch Process Part OneInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Vinal Barbaros's Options Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Vinal Barbaros's Options - Essay Example From this study it is clear that when the issues are revealed, conflicts may arise from agency interests, as the uncertainty in the company's future due to its failing operations may threaten the status quo, especially when it comes to cost-cutting activities such as downsizing in order to address the problem on profitability. One of the key stakeholders in this case is the company's major investor, the creditor National Bank of Australia. If the company reports the true amount of the cost estimates, the bank will have to protect its position with regard to its investment in the company. This can be done by downgrading the company's credit rating and increasing the interest payments due to default, or look for a second way out when it comes to getting the amount that is due. In this case, the owner or the major shareholder is deprived of knowing the true performance of the company. Because he does not know, he cannot do something in order to preserve his wealth or shareholder value. As for the company's employees, they will not be informed of the company's shortcomings with regard to dealing with its efficiency and operations productivity. As for the company's major investor, its creditor the National Bank of Australia, it will be able to grant a renewal on the company's loan by assuming that nothing is wrong in the company's operations, which puts its financial position in the company at risk because of misleading information. If the company continues to fail during its subsequent operations, the bank will have to suffer and absorb the losses with regard to the company's failure to pay on time. If the company has been able to recoup its losses, the bank has still been misled by the company because of the act; when it is found out, the bank can resort to proper means in order to compensate it for the possible losses from such act.

Adolescene and Identity Formation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adolescene and Identity Formation - Essay Example Instead, they cited the development sophisticated cognitive abilities and social-cultural factors as the major contributors of an adolescent’s development of a self-identity (Karpov, 2005 p. 219-221). This discussion focuses on the impact of social-cultural factors by studying an adolescent’s interactions with their parents and peers. Jean Piaget advanced his cognitive development theory in an attempt to describe the systematic unfolding of the thinking processes from infancy to adolescence. He theorized that adolescents developed formal operational thinking, which predisposed them to reason in a logical, rational manner. Larson & Richards (1994) inferred that adolescents’ advanced cognitive abilities enable them to detect latent information within different contexts resulting in frequent re-evaluation of the various facets of their lives (Karpov, 2005 p.223). Concurring with the above presumption, Harter (1999) proposed that adolescents experience discrepancies with regard to their ideal self and their current perception of self (Karpov, 2005 p.223). Consequentially, advanced cognitive abilities account for heightened stress levels and rampant mood fluctuations in adolescence, which in- turn affects an adolescent’s interactions with their parents. An infant’s first interaction with the social environment occurs via the parents. Throughout childhood, parents remain the key agent of socialization imparting societal expectations and cultural traditions, beliefs and values on their children. Pre-adolescent children adhere to their parent’s teachings, as they lack the cognitive ability to question their parents or decipher latent meaning. However, adolescents are very inquisitive questioning their parents’ input especially if the information creates a state of incongruence within them. Psychologist Jean S. Phinney

Critical Analisis about Kate Chopin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical Analisis about Kate Chopin - Essay Example The unique feature of Chopin’s work was her attitude of boldness and novelty in her writing. After her marriage, Chopin adopted a Creole nature to her work. She later entered a family life and gave birth to six children during her course of married life. Later, due to her husband’s death and debt issues she became little disturbed and depressed. Chopin in coming years had to look after the business and estate of her husband which inflicted her with depression. Later for living needs, Kate started her profession of writing. Biography of Kate Chopin Kate Chopin was born as daughter of Eliza and Thomas O’Flahertry in St.Louis in 1850. Kate Chopin had two sisters and two brothers, and all of them did not live longer than their adulthood. She was the only child who completed her 25 years of age among the children. She was sent to The Sacred Academy, a Catholic boarding school in 1855 when she was five and half years of age. Two months after her admission in school her father was killed in a train accident. Later she lived with her mother, grandmother and great grandmother. However, all these women were of single status as they were widows. It was her great grandmother who introduced Kate into the field of art where she was trained to speak French and play music. Since Kate lived surrounded by single and bold women she herself has a versatile personality. Later she returns to the Sacred Academy School and attained first position in her studies. She also won medals and was invited into be the member of the elite Children of Mary Society .During this period she developed a habit of dairy writing, and this could be taken as a first step in writing habit. Kate married at the age of twenty to Oscar Chopin and bore six children from the marriage. In 1882, Oscar died of a swamp fever and later Kate had to take over her husband’s business. It was to support her children and family that she started to write. Articles and response The first article which I have chosen is â€Å"Kate Chopin: In Search of Freedom,† written by Floramaria Deter. Here the author is writing about the sense of freedom desired by Kate Chopin. for the women in the 19th century. According to the author, Kate was different from other feminist writer because she understood the plight of women of her century and wanted freedom for women on all platforms such as education, politics and professional .The second article is â€Å"This American Story: Kate Chopin, the First Feminist† by Joseph F.Cotto. Cotto describes that Kate Chopin was a women far ahead of times. She presented the boldness, intelligence and unique personality unlike other feminist writers as she was involved in all field of human activity. She was a responsible housewife, mother to six children, a businesswoman and a creative writer. The author gives the message here that at a young age she married, looked after a business, and became a writer which was outstanding for women of that period. The third article is a brief one named â€Å"Kate Chopin† and gives an insight into the life of Kate Chopin .This article is a short one, but looks at Kate Chopin’s life from a different dimension. The critical point of Kate’s personality is depicted in this article which suggests that she was a fallen woman because she demanded for a higher position for

Social Cultural and Economic Context of Zimbabwe Essay Example for Free

Social Cultural and Economic Context of Zimbabwe Essay The fall of the Ian Smith led Rhodesian government led to Zimbabwe gaining its independence in 1980. The ZANU PF government led by then Prime Minister Mugabe of the ZANU PF party embraced a policy of national reconciliation between races in order to encourage amity, nation-building and economic growth between the country’s white minority and black majority racial groups. This lead to a period of growth throughout the 1980s, the economy performed extremely well, which led the Central government expenditure to triple and increase its share from 32. % of GDP in 1979 to 44. 6% in 1989(Hazzlewood, 1967:284). Having inherited a socially skewed system of allocation of resources from its predecessor, the ZANU PF government began to rectify this distribution of resources from the mainly white domiciled areas in the urban areas and commercial farms to rural parts of Zimbabwe focusing on provision of clean water (Transitional National Development Plan, pp. 61-62), and providing educational resources in areas where prior to independence there had been none (International Education Journal, 2005, 6(1), 65-74 Gibbs Y.  Kanyongo). However towards the end of the 80’s the growth experienced shortly after independence waned and by the early 90’s Zimbabwe fell into an economic crisis forcing it to implement IMF and World Bank proposed Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP) which was designed to lure investors into the country and remove any limitations on growth on the country. This policy forced the government to create a free market place in which the government’s reach would be miniscule and market forces would rule the day (Dansereau, ‘Between a Rock and a Hard Place’, p. 3). This policy eroded what little socio-economic gains that had been made in the first decade of the newly independent state (L. Sachikonye, ‘Whither Zimbabwe? Crisis and Democratisation) by introducing government spending on the socialist policies such as free education and projects with the intention of improving the infrastructure of the country to those habitant in the rural areas of the country who had been neglected by the former colonial government. This was followed by the Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) included among other things, removal of price and wage controls, reduction of government expenditure, a 40 per cent devaluation of Zimbabwean Dollar, removal of subsidies on basic consumer goods, a radical restructuring of various parastatals and other public enterprises (Sichone, 2003:1). SAPs also coincided with the years of drought (1992, 1993, 1995) which put a heavy burden on an economy that was mainly reliant on commercial agriculture through its export of teas, cotton and tobacco. This already fragile economy was later shattered by the war veterans unbudgeted pay outs in 1997 which culminated in what is widely referred to as â€Å"Black Friday†14th of November 2007(L. Mambondiani :newzimbabwe. com). Already reeling the economy took another hit via the chaotic fast-track land reform that took place in 2000 which led to the United States freezing lines of credit by means of the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001. This land reform led to vastly inexperienced persons receiving large tracts of farmland with virtually no experience which resulted in a substantial decrease in agricultural yields (Dancaescu, Nick.  Note. Land reform in Zimbabwe. 15 Fla. J. Intl L. 615 (2003). This led to an enormous decline in agricultural production which in turn led to chronic food shortages which were borne by the people of Zimbabwe. This further compounded by underperforming state owned enterprises whose debt obligations were undertaken by the government. This led to rampant inflation which by 2008 had reached +11 000 000 per cent July leading to the rebasing of the currency by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe by removing 3 zeros and issuing new bearer checks which did nothing to alleviate the situation as the zeros quickly reappeared . On top of all this Zimbabwe also had a spiralling external debt amounting to US$3 968 million. With the harmonized elections of 2008 which resulted in the formation of the Government of National Unity (GNU) there was the complete abandonment of the Zimbabwean dollar and the adoption of the multi-currency (South African Rand, Tswana Pula and the US Dollar). This led to some growth which although was very small was a positive change as compared to what Zimbabwe had experienced in the last eight years. Upon becoming the Prime Minister Of Zimbabwe in the Independent era from 1980 Mugabe preached a policy of reconciliation involving members of competing political parties in his early cabinet such as Joshua Nkomo leader of PF ZAPU and other whites who had previously worked under the colonial regime. However these policies were not to last long as from 1983 to 1984 there was a major suppression of Nkomo and his supporters based on what could be defined as ethnic basis. With government setting curfews in Matabeleland here Nkomo’s support base resided which was mainly the Ndebele tribe as opposed to the Shona tribe which Mugabe hailed from. The sending in of the army, in particular the North Korean trained 5th brigade which attempted to supress the â€Å"dissidents† through a campaign of mass violence campaign, known as the Gukuruhundi, or (strong wind) which resulted in as many as 20,000 civilian deaths. This eventually led to Nkomo’s part agreeing to be swallowed by ZANU PF via the signing of the Unity Accord in 1987 thereby making Zimbabwe for all intents and purposes a one party state. This status-quo remained for much of the 90’s with ZANU PF stifling any opposition to its power by amending the constitution following the lapsing of the 1980 Lancaster agreement, restoring corporal and capital punishment and denying recourse to the courts in cases of compulsory purchase of land by the government. Attempts by students trade unionists and workers to protest via demonstrations being curtailed via banning of anti-government protests by the police. This growing swell of antagonism by these various groups culminated in the creation of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) in 1999. In 2000 besides the clear voter intimidation of opposition supporters the MDC managed to win 57 of the 120 seats in the parliamentary elections. These effect of these results then coloured the months leading up to the 2002 presidential election where intimidation and violence was rife towards opposition. The outcome of these elections were Mugabe wining by a large margin although international observers did call them to be rigged in the sense that the pre-election environment was neither free nor fair, and the election itself was marred by significant fraud and rigging regional opinion was however mixed. The resulting legal challenge against these results by the MDC by 2004 still did not have a ruling which resulted in the the United States, the EU, and other European countries imposed travel restrictions against senior Zimbabwean officials and embargoed the sale of arms to Zimbabwe. The US and the EU also froze the financial assets of selected ruling party officials. In 2005 the MDC party then spilt into two separate parties with one retaining the MDC name under Welshman Ncube and the other being called MDC-T which was under its founding party leader Morgan Tsvangirai. The acrimonious split occurred over differing views over the party’s participation in the 2005 Senate elections. Tsvangirai’s camp didn’t want to contest these elections on the premise that the MDC had released a statement in 2004 stating that they would not participate in any elections till conditions prevailed for free and fair elections whilst the Ncube led faction was of the opposite opinion. In 2008 the harmonised elections first round the Tsvangirai led MDC was adjudged to have won won 47. % and Mugabe won 43. 2%, thereby necessitating a run-off. These figures however seen by many international observers to have been massaged as the results for the first round of elections took nearly five weeks to be released. The period leading up to the runoff between Mugabe and Tsvangirai saw an unprecedented wave of violence aimed towards supporters of MDC-T, resulting in the death of up to a 100 of Tsvangirai’s supporters leading him to pull out of the election s citing this violence. This resulted in the Government of National Unity (GNU) which was mediated by the Southern African Community Development (SADC) where a power sharing coalition was negotiated between Mugabe, Tsvangirai and Ncube. The GNU was given a life span of five years in which the negotiated terms of the Global Political Agreement (GPA) which govern it where meant to be put into legislature with the hope of putting in systems such as a new constitution that will reform Zimbabwe to the point of having free and fair elections. Implementation of the GPA has however been fraught with disagreement with the pure lack of sincerity on ZANU PF’s part on stalling the reforms such as the repealing of repressive legislature like the Public Order and Security Act (POSA) and Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act (AIPPA) which have been used to bar the MDC’s and civil society from holding rallies to simple internal meetings.

Introduction To The Maruti Suzuki India Limited Commerce Essay

Introduction To The Maruti Suzuki India Limited Commerce Essay Maruti Suzuki India Limited (Formally known as Maruti Udyog Ltd) was established in 1981, February 24th. It was organized as a legal corporation beneath the provision of the Indian Companies ACT, 1956 to converge the rising demand of personal transportation by the lack of an efficient public transport system. It is the largest car manufacturing company in India accruing over 50% domestic car market. Suzuki Motor Corporation is the largest manufacture of mini passenger vehicles in Japan. According to Automotive Intelligence, Suzuki is eleventh largest vehicle manufacturing company in the world and fourth in Japan in terms of worldwide sales. The company offered different range of cars from passenger cars to sports cars. From 1982, Maruti Udyog was a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation of Japan. They licensed and joint venture agreement had been made between two companies on October, 2 1982. 1 Maruti was also involved in various businesses like manufacturing, sales and purchasing of motor vehicles and parts of automobiles. Other activities of Maruti were facilitation of pre-owned car sales, fleet management and car financing. They have seven subsidiary companies in India are Insurance Business Agency Ltd, Maruti Insurance Distribution Services Ltd, Maruti Insurance agency Solution Ltd, Maruti Insurance Agency Network Ltd, Maruti Insurance Agency services Ltd, Maruti Insurance Agency Logistics Ltd.2 all these were affianced with promotion and selling motor insurance policies to motorcycle owners and the seventh one True Value Solution Ltd were in business of sales of certified pre-owned motorcycles under the brand Maruti True Value. They have four manufacturing units in different areas in Haryana state.3 The first commercial car from the joint venture company was launched in 1983 called Maruti 800 which was very popular. In 1984 they launched Maruti Omni which fits one full size family. In 1985 they introduced Maruti Suzuki Gypsy. In 1997 company exposed to foreign market and imported 500 cars to Hungary. In 1990 they launched three box cars with 1000cc engine; this was the major transformation in the company. In 1992 Suzuki Motor Corporation increased its share value to 50% in Maruti. Later year they launched with Maruti Zen and in 1994 they introduced Maruti Esteem into the market.4 Maruti has inaugurated its second plant in 1995. In 1997, Maruti started Maruti Service Master as model workshop to take care of its sales in India. In 2002, Suzuki Motor Corporation increased the share in Maruti to 54.2%. By 2002 they established 10 finance companies in which 8 of them were finance companies and two were joint ventures. They started a new business strategy for its purchase, sales and trade of old cards is Maruti True Value. With the first worlds strategic model with the help of Suzuki Motor Corporation they launched the SWIFT in 2005.5 Maruti started working on new car plant and the diesel engine facility at Manesar plant, Haryana in 2006-07. They opened a new institute of Driving Training and Research (IDTR) in 2006 is a mutual project with Delhi Government for better Research in the field of automobile. They introduced diesel cars like Swift and SX4 luxury sedam in 2007. Maruti launched Multi Utility Vehicle (MUV) called Grand Vitara stylish, muscular and 5 setter car in 2007. Formerly they changed their name from Maturi Udyog Ltd to Maruti Suzuki India Ltd in 2007. After this they made an joint venture agreement with Magneti Marelli Powertrain SpA, both turned into Magneti Marelli Powertrain India Pvt Ltd and they were manufacturing Electric Control Units for cars. They also went into other joint venture agreement with Futaba Industrial Co Ltd and formed FMI Automotive Compoments Ltd for manufacturing Exhaust System Components. In 2008-09, they introduced a new A2 segment car, A-star in India and in Europe as ne w alto. They also raised their production capacity to 1million cars. In 2008, they launched a dual fuel called Maruti 800 Duo which runs on Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as well as petrol. 6 Report submitted by commission of government in 1982 discloses among the major goals with maruti is to modernization of the Indian automobile industry, Fuel efficient vehicles production, to manufacture huge number of vehicles, gain from foreign technology, and the production of peoples car was suitable for Indian people and the climatic conditions which creates possibility of earning foreign exchange by exporting Maruti products and improving employment by starting new industries in the market. By improving the research in the market is determined by manufacturing of better cars would be in demand in Indian market. The main aim of the Maruti Suzuki production is to take help from Japanese company in its working model, working culture and in Indian industry they mainly focus on hierarchical discrimination, inadequate labor, low labor involved, and labor conflict and low recognition with the company. 7 Maruti Suzuki has created history in automobile industry through going keen on production record in 13 months. It is top number of car manufacturer in Asia, outside Japan and Korea having manufactured about 5 million vehicles by may 2005. It also should a remark as most booming automobile company as joint venture and they keep on making profits since inception till 2000-01. Maturi also produced in service profits on an income of Rs 92.5 billion high reduction on new products that have launched resulted in a book loss. 8 Marutis profit increase to 98% rise in its economic second quarter net profits and they are planning to invest $32.3 million. It is going to improve the Gurgaon factory to northern state of Haryana increasing the facilities to improve 79,000 cars in year. They are trying to modernize its factory to produce cars faster. As the quarterly profit is benefited there is a huge demand from local market as well as international market. 9 Enterprise Architecture issues: Implementation of PLM. Lack of Information Technology. Reinforcing management control. Maruti Implemented Turnaround Strategy. Pricing Strategy followed by Maruti. Maruti care for Customers. Maruti commit to Motorizing India. Relationship with the suppliers and management. Different revenue streams. Importance of Vehicle Maintenance Service Market. Implementation of PLM: Marutis product development aims are, necessitate for short cycle times is necessary all times for the company to be at top position. Marutis management desires to launch new models as earlier as possible and try to decrease the time required for small modifications and expansion of different products. Another aim is to co-development. Main goal of Maruti is to get closer through global team and supplies to come up with new products and stand in the market. Other aim is to reform the method of vehicle localization and improvising quality and reliability. All these aims piercing straight to implement Product lifecycle management (PLM) answer with capabilities for information management, knowledge capture, process management and supporting for global collaboration.10 PLM solution will directly verbalize to Marutis business challenges. Information management potential to solve the issues of different platforms, local variants and export destinations. Process management allows simultaneous improvement and quicker change management and offers a platform for other process improvements to process faster. Knowledge capture improves innovation and at the same time condenses prices by growing part re-use.11 Maruti implemented UGS PLM software as UGS leverages the business value by offering a comple PLM solution according to C. V. Raman, General manager, Engineering Division, Maruti Udyog Ltd. PLM execution consists of Teamcenter, NX and Tecnomatix software. Teamcenter offers broad range of practicality for release management which includes statements of material management and change management. NX maintains vehicle design which provides advance tools for styling, product design and digital mockup. System based modeling solution of NX make simpler for creating product variants. It is also used for tool design and the development of machining programs. Tecnomatrix software computerizes develops process planning. Maruti has won the Asia Pacific PLM excellence Award for 2006 by UGS Corp, which is a company for providing worldwide provider of product lifecycle management (PLM) software and solutions.12 Implementation of oracle application in HR department: Workforce of maruti has grown quickly and expanded to 5,000 workers all over the India. Maruti rapidly discovered that by incompatible systems to manage human resources is insufficient. They needed a system that runs and maintains their employee details. Executing Oracle Human Resources in the company reported improved its HR functions as recruitment, compensation management, leave management, payroll, competency assessments and staff development. Each employee particulars are accumulated at a solitary database and from where HR department staff can access from the database for complete personal and history of the employees. For example, if a new position is opened they can search the database and find the best match for the opened position. It also helps to find the employee skill levels and training programs for better service and to have better knowledge.13 Maruti organized Oracle Self-Service HR to free HR staff as of basic duties are changing staff address details and to answer doubts regarding payment details and leave entitlements. HR module is either necessary or compulsory requirement for implementing financials of the company, supply chain, CRM or logistics module. Greater part of oracle applications implementations around the globe doesnt have complete HR implementation than functional areas. Increase in the workforce excellence in last years the complete HR implementations are on the rise. There is a huge difference between implementation of complete Oracle HR applications and implementing other non-HR application is different with other modules. Implementing complete HT potentially might require many changes to the core HR setup compared to implementing non-HR applications. The analysis and implementation would impact areas befor planning complete HR implementation in the above applications. Oracle HR applications helps employ ees to update their details and apply for holiday break, checking their payrolls using the system. HR staff liked the Oracle application because it was focused on performance assessment and staff development.14 Lack of Information Technology: There was no ERP vendor that supports the system in India until they decided to automate their operations until 1990. Lack of information technology effect the company a lot as technology is the major issue for any company development. Maruti considered the relative quality of producing vehicles on a random, daily basis through a quality. To improve the quality of the products they introduced different measures like talking with customers and taking surveys and understand the customer problems and solve them. They planned for long term goals for implementing and giving out the best quality to the customers and study their problems and keep on challenging targets for the company. Maruti decided to build the ERP system by itself with a group of 45 qualified engineers and taking help of Oracle consultants and developed different applications are receipts, production, inventory management, sales, invoicing, financial accounting and payrolls. Applications were developed and upgrading was done internally and maintenance and administration part was given outsourcing.15 Maruti was successful with implementing Oracle implementation commencement of deploying oracle database and oracle real application cluster as a stable foundation for its nationwide dealer management system. Oracle E-business helps the company to improve its applications and faster process in production of the precuts helps in oracle implementations, application support outsourcing, customization enhancements, upgrades migrations, DBA support and testing services. Core HR modules will definitely help employees and use other HR functions as a part of installation. Dealer management system is developed by oracle fusion middleware products. Selecting the ERP system in maruti was chosen by oracle because of its excellent performance. They used to work with external companies to maintain and develop oracle solution. Later they decided to work with the vendors to organize and maintain the ERP system.16 Reinforcing management control: The growing business of Maruti in India in another way proved it to be a tough task to manage, with their existing strategy. The policies they utilized were not scalable with the growing business and they had to look for more reliable options. Main problem with using multiple systems and manage finances with lack of control over processing and information quality in the company. Each company follows different workflows and each division in the company will have different procedures for implementing the workflow. They have different data formats which require consolidation and preventing real time access to the company profile of sales and critical statistics. With the help of oracle application maruti regulated single financial management platform. Maruti took control over accounts payable and accounts revenue and gained complete and assisted in the management of all financial information. The tasks like generating reports for management review proved tedious with employees who had t o do this manually. Also their system was designed to use inputs that were similar but did not possess ability to co-ordinate with the other entities, resulting in a redundancy in tasks being performed.17 For Instance when new business units open up and the company needs to make sure their productivity is not affected and the servers need to be managed manually in order to make sure everything is going as expected. This would definitely involve either a change in system, that is more scalable with the growing business and reduce the manual intervention in to the maintenance task. Otherwise its a way of revising their ways of managing.18 Oracle fitted the slot in an appropriate way, which replaced the till then products used by Maruti. Most of them being internal were not a best option, keeping the current business scenario in view as they lacked co-ordination among them and manual intervention was imminent. Maruti wanted this change to be as smooth as possible and hence played the responsibility with Oracle itself which had a specialized consulting domain. The joint decision was made by oracle considering the requirements of Maruti. The decision was focused on the key factors like design; deploy the software involved in the revision of the technology and also the co-ordination of the teams participating in the task. The after transformation support was also a prime factor to consider during the plan was being designed.19 Maruti Implemented Turnaround Strategy: Maruti was the leading automobile company till 1998, having about 84% of the market share. With the rise in competition from local automobile companies like Hindustan Motors, Telco, Mahindra Mahindra and international automobile companies like Daewoo, Toyota, Ford, PAL, GM, Mitsubishi has changed the structure of whole automobile industry in India from the past seven years and led to decrease in profits and market share for Maruti. The organization learning of Maruti was moderately successful; the cost was relatively inexpensive as Maruti had its strong Japanese practices to fall back upon. With the program of organizational redesign, rationalization of cost and enhanced productivity, Maruti bounced back to competition with 50.8% market share and 40% rise in profit. At the same time investment in automobile sector by foreign car manufacturers was allowed by the Indian government and hold majority stakes.20 With the loss of market share and decline in profits, Maruti pioneered strategic acts to redesign itself to face the competition in the Indian market and also to deal with the Indias liberalization process. During its redesign process Maruti consulted AT Kearney McKinsey which are the consultancy firms, and also an OD consultant Dr.Athreya who is internationally reputed for the development of organization and modes of strategy.21 In its redesign process, the strategies followed are: to launch a new model every year satisfying different segments of the market, to decrease cost of production by accomplishing 85-90% indigenization for new models, increasing the dealer network from 150 to 300 focusing on bulk sales to attain its market share back, to reduce number of vendors and introduce competitive bidding. The mission statement of the organization is to come up with new models like fuel efficient vehicle with latest technology. Leader in domestic market and be among global players in the overseas market. Creating customer delight and shareholders wealth. With the redesign process the total production capacity increased to over 3, 70, 000 vehicles per year with the investment of around Rs. 4000 mn for the expansion project. Along with its redesign process, there has been a change in business focus of Maruti. The business focus of Maruti previously when it controlled the largest market share was to sell what we produce. After it began redesign process business focus of whole organization had a shift from production, production and production to marketing and customer focus. 22 Pricing Strategy followed by Maruti: Maruti has a product offering to all segments at all price levels. It offers a car with the price of Rs.1, 87,000.00 which is the lowest offer on road. The repeat buyers who already owned a Maruti car makes its 70% of business. Completion in the Indian passenger car industry is increasing and price emerged as an important factor affecting the purchasing decisions for customer. Maruti has been in the industry for more than two decades hence as a market lease maruti adopted aggressive pricing strategy.23 Maruti focused on promoting and distribution the products in the high competitive market. Maruti classified different innovative promotional strategies. They came up with some interest rates declining from 12% to as low as 8% in automobile finance. Maruti finances a mjor toll to drive up its car sales. For every customer looking for up gradation in his car their pricing strategy provides an option. Their motive of having different product offering is by considering every set of car cus tomers in India. The following is how every price point is covered.24 Maruti care for Customers: Maruti has successfully incorporated customer-friendly approach in its organization culture by getting rid of public-sector laid back image which made it to win five consecutive J D Power CSI Awards proving that its primary focus is on customer satisfaction. Employees also incorporated customer centric attitude following the organization culture. For each customer complain Maruti dealers and employees are responsible. Based on customer feedback there are cases of cancelling dealerships.25 Maruti has started a number of plans in purpose of well customer service. They have even changed their interior of showroom allowing customers to walk minimum in the showroom and there are schedules for customer service times and delivery of vehicles. The Dealer Sales Executive, who is trained on greeting notes, is the first person to interact with the customer of Maruti when he walks into the Maruti showroom. Under CRM department Maruti has a cell to handle customer complaints. Another effort by Maruti is the call center where Maruti can closely interact with its customer. The Market Research department of Maruti studies varying consumer behavior and needs of market. Marutis claim of being customer friendly further strengthens because of seventy percent of repeat buyers. There is a lot of investment and effort involved in developing customer loyalty schemes.26 Maruti commit to Motorizing India: Maruti is now putting efforts in making Indian consumers to switch from two-wheelers to the car without any tedious effort by the consumers thus showing its commitment of motorizing India. The outcome of this effort is in making small town people to buy Maruti cars for Rs. 2599 scheme because of its association with State Bank of India and its Associate Banks and organized finance plans.27 The compact cars, which currently make up 80% of the market is the root of growth for Maruti in the future. Strong economic growth, affordable finance, up gradation in infrastructure, proper framework favors the growth of car customers. The rise in income levels and low penetration levels at 7 per thousand are the favourable things for development automobile industry. Maruti while researching found that rural people had strange opinions in having a car that EMI (Equated monthly installments) ranges between Rs 4,000 and Rs 5,000 and along with it for the car maintenance it would be Rs 1,500-2,000 per month, plus another Rs 1,000 for fuel. Taking their inputs Maruti started working in developing an innovative idea to counter their apprehension. Controlling the fuel bill is in consumer hands where maintenance need not be. Khattar says What the company is doing now is saying how much you spend on fuel is in your hands anyway. As far as the maintenance cost is concerned, if you want it th at way, we will charge a little extra in the EMI and offer free maintenance. Thus Maruti laid another innovation in the automobile industry.28 Relationship with the suppliers and management Marutis top level direction of purchasing organization began development of a corporate wide Supply Management Strategy. The goal of Supply Management Strategy is to ensure that Maruti to provide with the right product, at the right time, with the best quality, for the lowest possible price. He elaborated the difference between the vendor and suppliers. A Vendor is going to provide a product which is already made and that doesnt include any creativity or innovation. Supplier is an opportunity to extend their business within the organizations that brings the new product with innovation and creativity as required for the developing to meet certain requirements to the product development.29 Supply management strategy goal is to shift the organization from a short-term transaction mentality to a long-term focus on supplier relationship. Position of suppliers with production facilities and there integration into Marutis development process was an important part of long-term relationship development. The long-term transaction would not only achieve by purchasing but also to develop new products for the development. Maruti recognized that engineering and manufacturing plays equal role in achieving the vision of a new role for supply management. Top level management argued that a slow and steady approach was necessary to build the enthusiasm and engagement in supply management system. He also thought that this new ways would bring us new technology improvements and involve good strategic thinking to bring the thing perfect at the first time.30 Different revenue streams: Maruti has successfully developed different financial strategies without making huge investments in the form of MDS, N2N, Maruti Insurance and Maruti Finance. These facilitate in providing the customers a hassle free experience and in turn satisfying the customers.31 Maruti Finance: In a market where car sales of more than 80% are financed, Maruti has successfully entered and created a financial strategy for Maruti. This strategy has become a crucial factor in converting a Maruti car sale in certain cases. Finance plays a key role in making decisions for car purchase. Maruti has grouped up with 8 other finance companies to form a consortium. The eight other companies are Citicorp Maruti, Maruti Countrywide, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Kotak Mahindra, Sundaram Finance, Bank of Punjab and IndusInd Bank Ltd. (previously-Ashok Leyland Finance).32 Maruti Insurance: The major concern of car owners is the insurance. Maruti has gathered all car insurance needs under one roof. Maruti has grouped up with National Insurance Company, Bajaj Allianz, New India Assurance and Royal Sundaram to make this service available for its customers. From finding out the most suitable car insurance policy and assisting in claiming insurance hassle-free its the complete responsibility of the dealer. Maruti Insurance makes its service easily available for customers at any Maruti dealer workshop in India to have their cars repaired and processing of insurance claims.33 True Value Initiative to capture used car market: Marutis another important development is its entry into the market of used cars in 2001, allowing customers to exchange their old car with the new one by bringing their vehicle to Maruti True Value outlets and paying the difference with loyal discounts. This helps in building satisfaction and retaining the customers. With Maruti True Value, it filled this gap in making customer trust in Indian used car market. In this highly unorganized and deceptive market where biggest concern in making a car sale is trust, Maruti could achieve this based upon its strength in Indian market. Maruti has developed a system where dealers pick up used cars, improve the condition, issue a new warranty and sell them again. Dealers make all investments for True Value. Maruti has established 172 showrooms across the nation building up a strong network. The used car market is 2-3 times as large as new car market in developed markets having a huge potential i n India.34 N2N: Maintenance of car consumes loads of time, especially if you own a group of automobiles. N2N Fleet Management Solutions by Maruti for companies takes the responsibility of A-Z automobile problems. Services comprise complete solutions across life of the vehicle like Leasing, Maintenance, Convenience services and Remarketing.35 Maruti Driving School (MDS): Maruti has started this in order to achieve the market where there is suppression in buying cars due to lack in car driving skills. This strategy brings such customer to the showroom and potentially learns car driving.36 Importance of Vehicle Maintenance Service Market. In the old days, the companys operations could be boiled down to a simple three-box flowchart. Components came from the vendors to the factory where they were assembled and then sent out to the dealers. In this scheme, you know where the companys revenues come from. The new scheme is more complicated. It revolves around the total lifetime value of a car. Work on this began in 1999, when a MUL team, wondering about new revenue streams, traveled across the world. Says R.S. Kalsi, general manager (new business), MUL: While car companies were moving from products to services, trying to capture more of the total lifetime value of a car, MUL was just making and selling cars. If a buyer spends Rs 100 on a car during its entire life, one-third of that is spent on its purchase. Another third went into fuel. And the final third went into maintenance. Earlier, Maruti was getting only the first one-third of the overall stream.37 As the Indian market matured, customers began to change cars faster. Says Kalsi: So the question was, if a car is going to see three users in, say, a life span of 10 years, So Maruti has changed gears to take a big share of this final one-third spent on maintenance. Maintenance market has a huge market potential. Even after having fifty lakh vehicles on road Maruti is only catering to approximately 20000 vehicles through its service stations every day.38 For this they are conducting free service workshops to encourage consumers to come to their service stations. Maruti has increased its authorized service stations to 1567 across 1036 cities. Every regional office is having a separate services and maintenance department which look after the growth of this revenue stream. 39 Conclusion Marutis vision statement is, its goals consist of continue leadership in the Indian automobile industry, enlarging the shareholders, establish customer pleasure. Maruti has highest level of customer satisfaction consistence for six years according to the J.D. Power Asia Pacific 2005 India Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) study. They gave importance for the customers and started many projects for better service. Maruti was ranked top in Indian sales satisfaction study. Maruti Suzuki has a sales network of 307 state-of -the-art showrooms across 189 cities, with a workforce of over 6000 trained sales personnel to guide MUL customers in finding the right car. Maruti Suzuki scored the highest across all 7 parameters: least problems experienced with vehicle serviced, highest service quality, best in-service experience, best service delivery, best service advisor experience, most user-friendly service and best service initiation experience. 92% of Maruti Suzuki owners feel that work gets done right the first time during service. The J.D. Power CSI study 2004 also reveals that 97% of Maruti Suzuki owners would probably recommend the same make of vehicle, while 90% owners would probably repurchase the same make of vehicle. At Maruti Suzuki, customers will find all car related needs met under one roof. Whether it is easy finance, insurance, fleet management services, exchange- Maruti Suzuki is set to provide a single-window solution for all car related needs. The acquisition cost is unfortunately not the only cost customers face when buying a car. Although a car may be affordable to buy, it may not necessarily be affordable to maintain, as some of its regularly used spare parts may be priced quite steeply. Not so in the case of a Maruti Suzuki. It is in the economy segment that the affordability of spares is most competitive, and it is here where Maruti Suzuki shines. The highest satisfaction ratings with regard to cost of ownership among all models are all Maruti Suzuki vehicles: Zen, Wagon R, Esteem, Maruti 800, Alto and Omni. It has introduced the superior 16 * 4 Hypertech engines across the entire Maruti Suzuki range. This new technology harnesses the power of a brainy 16-bit computer to a fuel-efficient 4-valve engine to create optimum engine delivery. This means every Maruti Suzuki owner gets the ideal combination of power and performance from his car. Maruti was also involved in various businesses like manufacturing, sales and purchasing of motor vehicles and parts of automobiles. Other activities of Maruti were facilitation of pre-owned car sales, fleet management and car financing. They have seven subsidiary companies in India are Insurance Business Agency Ltd, Maruti Insurance Distribution Services Ltd, Maruti Insurance agency Solution Ltd, Maruti Insurance Agency Network Ltd, Maruti Insurance Agency services Ltd, Maruti Insurance Agency Logistics Ltd. They also went into other joint venture agreement with Futaba Industrial Co Ltd and formed FMI Automotive Compoments Ltd for manufacturing Exhaust System Components. Marutis profit increase to 98% rise in its economic second quarter net profits and they are planning to invest $32.3 million. Maruti Suzuki has created history in automobile industry through going keen on production record in 13 months. It is top number of car manufacturer in Asia, outside Japan and Korea having manufactured about 5 million vehicles by may 2005. It also should a remark as most booming automobile company as joint venture and they keep on making profits since inception till 2000-01. They are trying to modernize its factory to produce cars faster. As